Precautions and warnings

CV diseases; hyperthyroidism; DM; Parkinson's disease; elderly; pregnancy, lactation.

Drug Interactions

halogenated inhalation anesthetics; alpha- or beta-blocking agents; methyldopa, guanethidine; antihypertensives; adrenergic neuron blockers; potassium-depleting drugs; cardiac glycosides; ephedra, Yohimbe; drugs with vasoconstrictor and pressor effects; antihypertensives; adrenergic neuron blockers; potassium-de TCAs have the potential to cause hypertension and arrhythmia.

Contraindications

Hypertension, occlusive vascular disease, angle-closure glaucoma (eye drops), hypersensitivity, and cardiac arrhythmias or tachycardia. When used with local anaesthetics: Procedures affecting the hands, feet, ears, nose, penis, and scrotum.

Mode of actions

Epinephrine is a direct-acting sympathomimetic and is produced by the adrenal medulla. It stimulates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, causing smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree, cardiac stimulation, and skeletal muscle vasculature dilatation. It's commonly used in local anesthetics to slow diffusion and limit absorption, extend the duration of the effect, and reduce the risk of toxicity.

Dosage & Administration

Parenteral
Acute asthma
Adult: 0.3-0.5 ml (300-500 mcg). Dose may be given via IM or SC inj.
Child: 0.01 ml/kg (10 mcg/kg). Max: 0.5 ml (500 mcg). Dose may be given via IM or SC inj.
Intravenous
Advanced cardiac life support (Cardiac Arrest)
Adult:
1. Intravenous injection: 1 mg injection repeated every 2-3 minutes as necessary.
2. Endotracheal: 2-3 mg via an endotracheal tube, repeated as necessary.
3. Intracardiac injection: 0.1 to 1 mg, direct into the atrium of the heart.
4. Intraspinal use: Usual dose is 0.2 to 0.4 mg added to anesthetic spinal fluid mixture (to prolong anesthetic action by limiting absorption).

Child: Initially, 10 mcg/kg, may repeat as often as every 2-3 minutes throughout the resuscitation process. Endotracheal doses: 100 mcg/kg. Intraosseous doses are the same as IV doses.
Max Dosage: Intraosseous doses for adults and children are the same as IV doses.

Anaphylactic shock
Adult: 0.5 mg (5 mL) given at a slow rate of 100 mcg/minute, stopping when a response is achieved.
Child: 10 mcg/kg. If auto injectors are used, doses are based on body wt: 15-30 kg: 150 mcg and >30 kg: 300 mcg.

Intramuscular
Anaphylactic shock
Adult: 500 mcg (0.5 ml), repeat every 5 minutes as needed until improvement occurs. For emergency self-admin (e.g. via autoinjector): A dose of 300 mcg (0.3 ml) may be used.
Child: Dose depends on age and weight. Usual dose: 10 mcg/kg.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Although animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women, but during pregnancy, this medicine can be used just when definitely required despite potential risks.

Mothers with a newborn baby who have used this drug during the last 3 months of pregnancy may seldom create symptoms including drowsiness, muscle stiffness or shakiness, feeding or breathing troubles, constant crying. If you notice any of these symptoms of your baby's particularly during their first month, tell the doctor immediately.

This medicine passes into breast milk. Talk to your doctor before breastfeeding.

Pack Size & Price